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Vashi Integrated Solutions is One-stop integrated products and solutions provider for all industrial and commercial sourcing needs
Vashi Integrated Solutions is One-stop integrated products and solutions provider for all industrial and commercial sourcing needs

Motors

  • Original price ₹10,620
    Original price ₹10,620 - Original price ₹10,620
    Original price ₹10,620
    Current price ₹6,516
    ₹6,516 - ₹6,516
    Current price ₹6,516

    (₹5,522 + GST)

    Hindustan 1 HP 0.75Kw 2 Pole 3000 RPM B3Foot Mounting 415VV 50Hz Frame 80- IE2 Motor

    In stock

    Hindustan 1 HP 0.75Kw 2 Pole 3000 RPM B3Foot Mounting 415VV 50Hz Frame 80- IE2 Motor

    Original price ₹10,620
    Original price ₹10,620 - Original price ₹10,620
    Original price ₹10,620
    Current price ₹6,516
    ₹6,516 - ₹6,516
    Current price ₹6,516
  • Original price ₹17,531
    Original price ₹17,531 - Original price ₹17,531
    Original price ₹17,531
    Current price ₹10,757
    ₹10,757 - ₹10,757
    Current price ₹10,757

    (₹9,116 + GST)

    Hindustan 3HP 2.20KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B5 FLANGE Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90L IE2 GREY COLOUR MOTOR

    Low stock

    Hindustan 3HP 2.20KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B5 FLANGE Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90L IE2 GREY COLOUR MOTOR

    Original price ₹17,531
    Original price ₹17,531 - Original price ₹17,531
    Original price ₹17,531
    Current price ₹10,757
    ₹10,757 - ₹10,757
    Current price ₹10,757
  • Original price ₹23,000
    Original price ₹23,000 - Original price ₹23,000
    Original price ₹23,000
    Current price ₹7,599
    ₹7,599 - ₹7,599
    Current price ₹7,599

    (₹6,440 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7501-0CA22-3FA4 - 0.37KW 0.5HP 2P B5 FLANGE- 3000 RPM FR: 71 415V- 50HZ- IGT 1LE7- IE2 MOTOR

    Low stock

    Siemens 1LE7501-0CA22-3FA4 - 0.37KW 0.5HP 2P B5 FLANGE- 3000 RPM FR: 71 415V- 50HZ- IGT 1LE7- IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹23,000
    Original price ₹23,000 - Original price ₹23,000
    Original price ₹23,000
    Current price ₹7,599
    ₹7,599 - ₹7,599
    Current price ₹7,599
  • Original price ₹34,600
    Original price ₹34,600 - Original price ₹34,600
    Original price ₹34,600
    Current price ₹11,432
    ₹11,432 - ₹11,432
    Current price ₹11,432

    (₹9,688 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7501-0EA02-3AA4 - 1.5KW 2HP 2P B3- FOOT MTD.- 3000 RPM FRAME 90S IP55 415V- 50HZ- VPI IE2 1LE7

    In stock

    Siemens 1LE7501-0EA02-3AA4 - 1.5KW 2HP 2P B3- FOOT MTD.- 3000 RPM FRAME 90S IP55 415V- 50HZ- VPI IE2 1LE7

    Original price ₹34,600
    Original price ₹34,600 - Original price ₹34,600
    Original price ₹34,600
    Current price ₹11,432
    ₹11,432 - ₹11,432
    Current price ₹11,432
  • Original price ₹8,337
    Original price ₹8,337 - Original price ₹8,337
    Original price ₹8,337
    Current price ₹5,116
    ₹5,116 - ₹5,116
    Current price ₹5,116

    (₹4,336 + GST)

    Hindustan 0.50 HP 0.37 KW 2 POLE 3000 RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE 415VV 50HZ;Frame.71 IE2

    In stock

    Hindustan 0.50 HP 0.37 KW 2 POLE 3000 RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE 415VV 50HZ;Frame.71 IE2

    Original price ₹8,337
    Original price ₹8,337 - Original price ₹8,337
    Original price ₹8,337
    Current price ₹5,116
    ₹5,116 - ₹5,116
    Current price ₹5,116
  • Original price ₹11,151
    Original price ₹11,151 - Original price ₹11,151
    Original price ₹11,151
    Current price ₹6,842
    ₹6,842 - ₹6,842
    Current price ₹6,842

    (₹5,798 + GST)

    Hindustan 0.75 Kw 2 Pole B35- 1 HP- 1.7 AMP Mounting Motor

    In stock

    Hindustan 0.75 Kw 2 Pole B35- 1 HP- 1.7 AMP Mounting Motor

    Original price ₹11,151
    Original price ₹11,151 - Original price ₹11,151
    Original price ₹11,151
    Current price ₹6,842
    ₹6,842 - ₹6,842
    Current price ₹6,842
  • Original price ₹41,509
    Original price ₹41,509 - Original price ₹41,509
    Original price ₹41,509
    Current price ₹15,919
    ₹15,919 - ₹15,919
    Current price ₹15,919

    (₹13,491 + GST)

    ABB Motor M2BAX90SLA2 IE3 2.2KW 3 HP 2 Pole 3000 RPM FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting B35 FRAME 90L 415V 50HZ IP55

    Low stock

    ABB Motor M2BAX90SLA2 IE3 2.2KW 3 HP 2 Pole 3000 RPM FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting B35 FRAME 90L 415V 50HZ IP55

    Original price ₹41,509
    Original price ₹41,509 - Original price ₹41,509
    Original price ₹41,509
    Current price ₹15,919
    ₹15,919 - ₹15,919
    Current price ₹15,919
  • Original price ₹645,800
    Original price ₹645,800 - Original price ₹645,800
    Original price ₹645,800
    Current price ₹198,131
    ₹198,131 - ₹198,131
    Current price ₹198,131

    (₹167,908 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE75032BA235AA4 45KW 60HP 3000RPM 225M B3 FOOT MOUNT 415V 50HZ CLASS F IE3 TEFC MOTOR

    In stock

    Siemens 1LE75032BA235AA4 45KW 60HP 3000RPM 225M B3 FOOT MOUNT 415V 50HZ CLASS F IE3 TEFC MOTOR

    Original price ₹645,800
    Original price ₹645,800 - Original price ₹645,800
    Original price ₹645,800
    Current price ₹198,131
    ₹198,131 - ₹198,131
    Current price ₹198,131
  • Original price ₹31,500
    Original price ₹31,500 - Original price ₹31,500
    Original price ₹31,500
    Current price ₹10,408
    ₹10,408 - ₹10,408
    Current price ₹10,408

    (₹8,820 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7503-0DA22-3FA4 - 0.75KW 1HP 2P B5 FLANGE MTD.- 3000 RPM FR: 80 IP55 CL F 415V- 50HZ- VPI IE3 1LE7

    In stock

    Siemens 1LE7503-0DA22-3FA4 - 0.75KW 1HP 2P B5 FLANGE MTD.- 3000 RPM FR: 80 IP55 CL F 415V- 50HZ- VPI IE3 1LE7

    Original price ₹31,500
    Original price ₹31,500 - Original price ₹31,500
    Original price ₹31,500
    Current price ₹10,408
    ₹10,408 - ₹10,408
    Current price ₹10,408
  • Original price ₹41,000
    Original price ₹41,000 - Original price ₹41,000
    Original price ₹41,000
    Current price ₹13,546
    ₹13,546 - ₹13,546
    Current price ₹13,546

    (₹11,480 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7503-0EA02-3FA4 - 1.5KW 2HP 2P B5 FLANGE MTD. 3000 RPM FRAME 90S IP55 415V 50HZ VPI IE3 1LE7 MOTOR

    In stock

    Siemens 1LE7503-0EA02-3FA4 - 1.5KW 2HP 2P B5 FLANGE MTD. 3000 RPM FRAME 90S IP55 415V 50HZ VPI IE3 1LE7 MOTOR

    Original price ₹41,000
    Original price ₹41,000 - Original price ₹41,000
    Original price ₹41,000
    Current price ₹13,546
    ₹13,546 - ₹13,546
    Current price ₹13,546
  • Original price ₹71,100
    Original price ₹71,100 - Original price ₹71,100
    Original price ₹71,100
    Current price ₹23,491
    ₹23,491 - ₹23,491
    Current price ₹23,491

    (₹19,908 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7503-1AA53-5FA4 - 3.7KW 5HP 2P B5- FLANGE.- 3000 RPM FR :100L IP55 CLF 415V- 50HZ- VPI IE3 1LE7

    Low stock

    Siemens 1LE7503-1AA53-5FA4 - 3.7KW 5HP 2P B5- FLANGE.- 3000 RPM FR :100L IP55 CLF 415V- 50HZ- VPI IE3 1LE7

    Original price ₹71,100
    Original price ₹71,100 - Original price ₹71,100
    Original price ₹71,100
    Current price ₹23,491
    ₹23,491 - ₹23,491
    Current price ₹23,491
  • Original price ₹272,400
    Original price ₹272,400 - Original price ₹272,400
    Original price ₹272,400
    Current price ₹83,572
    ₹83,572 - ₹83,572
    Current price ₹83,572

    (₹70,824 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7501-1EA23-5AA4- 22KW 30HP 2P B3 FOOT MTD.- 3000RPM FR:180M IP55 CL F 415V- 50- VPI IE2 MOTOR

    In stock

    Siemens 1LE7501-1EA23-5AA4- 22KW 30HP 2P B3 FOOT MTD.- 3000RPM FR:180M IP55 CL F 415V- 50- VPI IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹272,400
    Original price ₹272,400 - Original price ₹272,400
    Original price ₹272,400
    Current price ₹83,572
    ₹83,572 - ₹83,572
    Current price ₹83,572
  • Original price ₹23,300
    Original price ₹23,300 - Original price ₹23,300
    Original price ₹23,300
    Current price ₹7,698
    ₹7,698 - ₹7,698
    Current price ₹7,698

    (₹6,524 + GST)

    Siemens 1LE7501-0CA22-3KA4 - 0.37KW 0.5HP 2P B14 FACE- 3000 RPM FR: 71 415V- 50HZ-IGT 1LE7- IE2 MOTOR

    Low stock

    Siemens 1LE7501-0CA22-3KA4 - 0.37KW 0.5HP 2P B14 FACE- 3000 RPM FR: 71 415V- 50HZ-IGT 1LE7- IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹23,300
    Original price ₹23,300 - Original price ₹23,300
    Original price ₹23,300
    Current price ₹7,698
    ₹7,698 - ₹7,698
    Current price ₹7,698
  • Original price ₹37,320
    Original price ₹37,320 - Original price ₹37,320
    Original price ₹37,320
    Current price ₹22,900
    ₹22,900 - ₹22,900
    Current price ₹22,900

    (₹19,407 + GST)

    Hindustan Electric Motor 10HP 7.50Kw 2 Pole 3000 RPM B3 Foot Mounting 415VV 50Hz Frame-132S IE2 Motor

    In stock

    Hindustan Electric Motor 10HP 7.50Kw 2 Pole 3000 RPM B3 Foot Mounting 415VV 50Hz Frame-132S IE2 Motor

    Original price ₹37,320
    Original price ₹37,320 - Original price ₹37,320
    Original price ₹37,320
    Current price ₹22,900
    ₹22,900 - ₹22,900
    Current price ₹22,900
  • Original price ₹59,620
    Original price ₹59,620 - Original price ₹59,620
    Original price ₹59,620
    Current price ₹34,121
    ₹34,121 - ₹34,121
    Current price ₹34,121

    (₹28,916 + GST)

    Hindustan 7.50HP 5.50KW 2 POLE 3000 RPM B3FOOT 415VV 50HZ FLAMEPROOF;132S IE2 MOTOR

    In stock

    Hindustan 7.50HP 5.50KW 2 POLE 3000 RPM B3FOOT 415VV 50HZ FLAMEPROOF;132S IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹59,620
    Original price ₹59,620 - Original price ₹59,620
    Original price ₹59,620
    Current price ₹34,121
    ₹34,121 - ₹34,121
    Current price ₹34,121
  • Original price ₹21,179
    Original price ₹21,179 - Original price ₹21,179
    Original price ₹21,179
    Current price ₹12,995
    ₹12,995 - ₹12,995
    Current price ₹12,995

    (₹11,013 + GST)

    Hindustan 5HP 3.7KW 2 POLE 3000RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 100L IE2 MOTOR

    In stock

    Hindustan 5HP 3.7KW 2 POLE 3000RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 100L IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹21,179
    Original price ₹21,179 - Original price ₹21,179
    Original price ₹21,179
    Current price ₹12,995
    ₹12,995 - ₹12,995
    Current price ₹12,995
  • Original price ₹22,770
    Original price ₹22,770 - Original price ₹22,770
    Original price ₹22,770
    Current price ₹13,031
    ₹13,031 - ₹13,031
    Current price ₹13,031

    (₹11,043 + GST)

    Hindustan 2HP 1.5KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B3 FOOT Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90 FLP MOTOR

    Low stock

    Hindustan 2HP 1.5KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B3 FOOT Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90 FLP MOTOR

    Original price ₹22,770
    Original price ₹22,770 - Original price ₹22,770
    Original price ₹22,770
    Current price ₹13,031
    ₹13,031 - ₹13,031
    Current price ₹13,031
  • Original price ₹24,190
    Original price ₹24,190 - Original price ₹24,190
    Original price ₹24,190
    Current price ₹13,844
    ₹13,844 - ₹13,844
    Current price ₹13,844

    (₹11,732 + GST)

    Hindustan 2HP 1.5KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B3 FOOT Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90 FLP IE2 MOTOR

    Low stock

    Hindustan 2HP 1.5KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B3 FOOT Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90 FLP IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹24,190
    Original price ₹24,190 - Original price ₹24,190
    Original price ₹24,190
    Current price ₹13,844
    ₹13,844 - ₹13,844
    Current price ₹13,844
  • Original price ₹31,931
    Original price ₹31,931 - Original price ₹31,931
    Original price ₹31,931
    Current price ₹18,274
    ₹18,274 - ₹18,274
    Current price ₹18,274

    (₹15,486 + GST)

    Hindustan 3HP 2.2KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting Frame 90 415VV 50HZ FLP MOTOR

    Low stock

    Hindustan 3HP 2.2KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting Frame 90 415VV 50HZ FLP MOTOR

    Original price ₹31,931
    Original price ₹31,931 - Original price ₹31,931
    Original price ₹31,931
    Current price ₹18,274
    ₹18,274 - ₹18,274
    Current price ₹18,274
  • Original price ₹17,871
    Original price ₹17,871 - Original price ₹17,871
    Original price ₹17,871
    Current price ₹10,966
    ₹10,966 - ₹10,966
    Current price ₹10,966

    (₹9,293 + GST)

    Hindustan 3HP 2.20KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90L IE2 MOTOR

    In stock

    Hindustan 3HP 2.20KW 2POLE 3000 RPM B35 FOOT CUM FLANGE Mounting 415VV 50HZ Frame 90L IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹17,871
    Original price ₹17,871 - Original price ₹17,871
    Original price ₹17,871
    Current price ₹10,966
    ₹10,966 - ₹10,966
    Current price ₹10,966
  • Original price ₹23,690
    Original price ₹23,690 - Original price ₹23,690
    Original price ₹23,690
    Current price ₹13,558
    ₹13,558 - ₹13,558
    Current price ₹13,558

    (₹11,490 + GST)

    Hindustan 1.5HP 1.1KW 2P 3000RPM B3 FOOT Mounting 415VV 50HZ FLP Frame80 IE2

    Low stock

    Hindustan 1.5HP 1.1KW 2P 3000RPM B3 FOOT Mounting 415VV 50HZ FLP Frame80 IE2

    Original price ₹23,690
    Original price ₹23,690 - Original price ₹23,690
    Original price ₹23,690
    Current price ₹13,558
    ₹13,558 - ₹13,558
    Current price ₹13,558
  • Original price ₹7,035
    Original price ₹7,035 - Original price ₹7,035
    Original price ₹7,035
    Current price ₹4,317
    ₹4,317 - ₹4,317
    Current price ₹4,317

    (₹3,658 + GST)

    Hindustan 0.25HP 2 POLE 3000 RPM B5 FLANGE Mounting Frame:63 415VV 50HZ IE2

    In stock

    Hindustan 0.25HP 2 POLE 3000 RPM B5 FLANGE Mounting Frame:63 415VV 50HZ IE2

    Original price ₹7,035
    Original price ₹7,035 - Original price ₹7,035
    Original price ₹7,035
    Current price ₹4,317
    ₹4,317 - ₹4,317
    Current price ₹4,317
  • Original price ₹13,670
    Original price ₹13,670 - Original price ₹13,670
    Original price ₹13,670
    Current price ₹11,211
    ₹11,211 - ₹11,211
    Current price ₹11,211

    (₹9,501 + GST)

    Bonfiglioli BE71B2B14 - 0.55KW 0.75 HP 2 POLE B14 3000 RPM FACE MTG. IE2 MOTOR

    In stock

    Bonfiglioli BE71B2B14 - 0.55KW 0.75 HP 2 POLE B14 3000 RPM FACE MTG. IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹13,670
    Original price ₹13,670 - Original price ₹13,670
    Original price ₹13,670
    Current price ₹11,211
    ₹11,211 - ₹11,211
    Current price ₹11,211
  • Original price ₹13,730
    Original price ₹13,730 - Original price ₹13,730
    Original price ₹13,730
    Current price ₹11,260
    ₹11,260 - ₹11,260
    Current price ₹11,260

    (₹9,542 + GST)

    Bonfiglioli BE71C2 - 0.75 KW 1 HP 2 POLE 3000 RPM FLANGE MTG.IE2 MOTOR

    In stock

    Bonfiglioli BE71C2 - 0.75 KW 1 HP 2 POLE 3000 RPM FLANGE MTG.IE2 MOTOR

    Original price ₹13,730
    Original price ₹13,730 - Original price ₹13,730
    Original price ₹13,730
    Current price ₹11,260
    ₹11,260 - ₹11,260
    Current price ₹11,260

Motors: Buy Electric Motors online 

Motors: Transforming electricity into motion, these electro-mechanical wonders power nearly half of the world's energy needs. industrial and commercial applications Our collection includes FLP and non-FLP motors, available in various mounting options such as foot-mounted, flange-mounted, and face-mounted motors, to meet your specific requirements.
We understand the importance of energy savings, and that is why we offer a range of energy-efficient motors, including IE1, IE2, IE3, and IE4 Motors. These motors are designed to reduce energy consumption while providing maximum performance. Whether you require a 3 HP Motor,  2 HP Motor,  1.5 HP Motor, our lineup is designed to meet your specific needs. It extends to include 2-phase induction motors and 3-phase induction motors, Providing a diverse selection to match a variety of applications Our motors are built with high-quality materials and state-of-the-art technology to ensure reliable and long-lasting performance Electric motors, the unsung heroes of the modern age, efficiently convert electrical energy into mechanical power. At Vashi Integrated Solutions, we stand as your trusted partner in this venture. Our product lineup features top-quality electric motors from renowned brands such as Hindustan, Bharat Bijlee, ABB, Siemens, Weg, and more.

Exploring the World of Electric Motors: Choosing the Perfect Fit

Motors AC: Where Excellence is Driven by Alternating Current:
AC electric motors, on the other hand, are driven by alternating current. They consist of an external stator with coils supplied with AC, creating a rotating magnetic field, and an internal rotor connected to the output shaft to generate a second revolving magnetic field. AC motors come in two primary categories: induction motors (also known as asynchronous motors) and synchronous motors. Induction motors leverage a slight variation in speed, known as slip, between the stator's magnetic field and the rotor's shaft speed to induce rotor current in the AC coil. Synchronous motors, in contrast, operate using prominent poles, permanent magnets, or independently energized rotor windings, eschewing slip-induction.

Key Considerations for Selecting Electric Motors


Brand Matters: The brand you choose significantly influences the quality of the products you receive. Opting for a reputable and established company assures you of excellent and timely customer service whenever you need it.

Budget-Friendly Solutions: There's an ideal motor for every budget. It's essential to research and select a motor from a reputable firm that offers reliable components and an extensive warranty, ensuring both affordability and quality.

Understanding Torque and Horsepower: The motor's base speed is a crucial consideration. The number of poles and the base speed of the motor are intertwined. It's important to understand the relationship between torque and speed. As the motor's speed increases, the torque decreases. Additionally, the horsepower requirements should be meticulously assessed.

Inverter Duty: Pay close attention to the noise levels produced by the induction motor. The voltage rating should be taken into account, along with the presence of a variable-frequency drive (VFD). The motor winding's magnetic wire has a voltage rating ranging from 1000V to 1600V. Furthermore, the constant torque (CT) turndown is a critical aspect influencing the motor's ability to operate at lower speeds while maintaining torque output.

Environmental Conditions: Environmental factors play a pivotal role in motor selection. It's essential to evaluate whether the motor's enclosure can withstand rain, falling water, and the extremes of cold and heat without malfunctioning. Motors designed for outdoor use, such as total enclosed fan-cooled induction motors or total enclosed non-vented induction motors, are recommended for reliable performance.

Top Brands for Superior Pump Motors

Hindustan Motors: Hindustan is synonymous with high-efficiency and energy-efficient designs. These motors are produced in cutting-edge facilities and offer exceptional efficiency, saving on energy costs. They also exhibit high resistance to motor burnout at low voltage and offer a wide range of voltage tolerance.

Bharat Bijlee Motors: Bharat Bijlee is one of the leading electric motor manufacturers in India.3 Phase AC Electrical Rotating Machine ranging from 0.12 kW to 1250 kW We are a preferred brand across sectors like cement, construction, steel, food & beverages, water & wastewater, and sugar & distilleries, to name a few. Our motors are suited for applications like pumps, compressors, fans and blowers, conveyors, lifts, screens, vibrators, centrifuges, stone crushers, and many more.

ABB Motors: ABB Motors As a global leader in technology and innovation, ABB Motors stands at the forefront of the industry, delivering unparalleled solutions for your diverse needs. ABB motors ensure meticulous care, making them reliable and of exceptional quality for fluid-based applications.

Siemens Motors: We cover the complete range of industrial motors, synchronous as well as asynchronous: from standard electric motors through servomotors for motion control applications up to high-voltage motors

Panasonic Motors: Panasonic Motors, one of the world's largest motor manufacturers, offers AC servo motors that function for systems where precision, smart control, safety, and easy configuration are needed.

Bonfiglioli Motors: Are you looking for electric motors? Find your perfect synchronous and asynchronous motors. We provide our customers with complete solutions for planetary geared units, right-angle gearmotors and geared units, parallel shaft gearmotors, and geared units.

Weg Motors: WEG Electric Motors As one of the world's largest electric motor manufacturers, WEG specializes in branches such as command and protection, speed variation, industrial process automation, power generation and distribution, and industrial paints and varnishes.

Browse our Electric Motors Collection on Motors today and discover how we can support your industrial and commercial applications with our high-quality, energy-efficient motors.

Q1: What is an electric motor?

A1: An electric motor is an electro-mechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It achieves this conversion through the interaction of magnetic fields and conductors, generating motion.

Q2: How do electric motors work?

A2: Electric motors work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electric current flows through a wire in a magnetic field, it creates a force, resulting in the rotation of a shaft and mechanical output.

Q3: What are the common applications of electric motors?

A3: Electric motors are used in a wide range of applications, including powering household appliances (like fans and refrigerators), industrial machinery, electric vehicles, pumps, and various automated systems.